Method of heating bars or billets preparatory to forging.



H. V. LOSS. METHOD OF HEATING BARS 0R BILLETS PREPARATOIRY TO rename. APPLICATION FILED DEG. 13,1911.

1,084,156, Patented Jan. 13,1914.

WI? 58558 W BY a HEnniK v. LOSS, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

METHOD OF HEATING BARS OR BILLETS PREPARATORY T0 FORGING.

, Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed December 13, 1911.

Patented Jan. 13, 191-4. Serial No. 665,439.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRIK Loss, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of floating Bars or Billets Preparatory to Forging, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the heating of metal bars or billets preparatory to forging them in dies, and more particularly to improvements in method of heating bars or billets preparatory to forging them in dies into axles for service with rolling stock of railways.

In Letters Patent of the United States hie-812,856, issued to me upon February 20, 1906, a method for forging axles is disclosed. Briefly this method conslsts in placing the central part of the bar or billet to be forged between longitudinally separable central dies, gripping its ends between longitudinally separable movable dies, moving the latter dies toward the central dies so as to cause the metal to be pushed inward to fill the central die and completing the forging with header dies which are moved toward the movable dies. In this process it is absolutely necessary in order to produce a perfect forging that the central die be completely filled with metal and as this die has the form of twotruncated cones the smaller diameters of which meet at its middle and the bases of which are at, or substantially at, its outer ends it is desirable that the bar or billet be so heated that when it is upset by the inward movement of the movabledies that the first upsetting will take place wlthln the central die, commencing at or about the middle and gradually moving forward, and

that after this die is filled the upsetting of the outer part, approximately that part from the inner end of the wheel seatto the outer end of the axle, will be accomplished.

If the bar or billet be evenly heated throughout its entire length it would be just as likely as not to upset first in the movable dies, or to be bent at the exposed portion between the central and movable dies. In such an event the upsetting would probably not result in completely filling the central die and an imperfect forging would result.

In order to insure the proper sequence in the upsetting of the bar orbillet, according to my method of forging axles from the same, I purpose to heat the whole bar or billet to a forging temperature but to heat the central part hotter than the ends so that this part may be the softest and the first to upset when the bar or billet is pushed. inward by the movable dies.

In the accompanying drawing Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a bar or billet before upsetting; Fig. 2, a side elevation of the same after being upset according to the method disclosed in my patent above referred to, Fig. 3 a longitudinal sectional elevation through a set of axle forging dies in which my process for forging may be carried out.

Referring to Fig, 3; 1 and 2 are upper and lower longitudinally separable central dies. 3-4 longitudinally separable movable dies. 5 header dies. Dies substantially similar to these were shown in my patent above referred to. The outer parts of the bar or billet to be upset are grasped by the movable dies 34 and at its middle prefer-- ably, but not necessarily, by the stationary dies 12. The movable dies are now moved toward one another and the bar or billet is upset and fills the interior of the central dies which correspond in shape to that of' the middle part of the axle. The middle part of the axle havin been formed the header dies 5 are movedm to upset the ends to form the extreme ends of the axle.

Preparatory to placing the bar or billet in. the dies in which it is to be forged into an axle 1 heat its central part, say between the inner ends of theparts a wh1ch are to form the wheel seats, to a greater degree than. the parts that lie outside of these inner ends, consequently the center part of the bar or billet is the softest and first responds to the upsetting action of the dies gradually and completely filling the central die, thus forming the part aey of the axle, before the upsetting action takes part.

In order'to completelyfill the central dies the upsetting should commence at a point midway between the ends, at which point the diameter of the axle. is would, without desiring to limit myself strictly thereto, prefer in mostcases to heat that part of the bar or billet which is midway of its ends to the maximum heat, to gradually reduce this heat toward the points which are to form the wheel seats and from this latter point outward to still further deplace outside of this the smallest. I.

crease the heat thus insuring the upsetting of the bar or billet first at its middle and then gradually outward to its ends.

It will be observed that I heat all parts of the bar or billet simultaneously by radiation from a furnace and to a forging temperature throughout its entire length, heating, however, the part that is to be first upset to a greater degree than the parts that are to be subsequently upset so that there Will be no question as to the metal filling all parts of the dies which form the finished product.

Having thus described my invention I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent r 1. The described process for preparing a bar or billet for the dies of a longitudinally operating upsetting machine which consists in heating by radiation the bar or billet throughout its entire length to a forging 'heat and the part intermediate of its ends to a greater degree than its ends.

2. The described method for preparing a bar or billet for longitudinal upsetting in an axle forging machine, which consists in unequally heating by radiation the bar or billet to a forging temperature throughout its entire length, the central part of the bar being heated to the maximum degree, this heat being properly decreased in those parts of the bar that are to form the Wheel seats,

journals and collars.

HENRIK V. LOSS.

.Vitnesses:

CHARLES A. BUTTER, CHARLns HERNION. 

